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"ORIGIN OF THE SPECIES" Evolution is the name given to the speciation of life on earth.

It is not hubris to say that as well as we can know anything through examination of evidence, that we can know that evolution is fact. Evolution-Gaps??? No no no. THere really aren't gaps. It is simply science and some of the more well researched science at that.

AAAAAAAARRRRRRRGGGGGGHHHHH!

ANy question about evolution and I can point you to the science and explain the methodology. ANY!

And so can any other biologist! Or Geologist! Or Oceanographer! Or Ecologist! Or almost any Astronomer or physicist.!!!!!!!!

AAAAAARRRRRRRRGGGGGGGGHHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!

Nothing I've written says that people should reject the spiritual. I do say we should reject the supernatural when doing science.

But, again I say, it’s the height of arrogance to suggest we’ve been brought to that point. When you’ve got all your dicks in a roaw you can make that claim, not until.

There it is again: The Gaps argument. Sure, we don't know everything, but we know enough to make a reasonable inference that angels are not pushing things to the ground, nor is there a God living in the center of the Earth that pulls things towards it. And similarly with evolutionary theory. Is it perfect? No, but it explains quite a lot so that it is not unreasonable to conclude that the supernatural is not at work even in the gaps.

Or more simply, once you have a natural explanation, the supernatural explanation is no longer needed and it is usually unverifiable and hence goes the way of the dustbin.

Possibly.

But, again I say, it's the height of arrogance to suggest we've been brought to that point. When you've got all your dicks in a roaw you can make that claim, not until. And even once you reach that lofty plateu, there is nothing in evolution to negate the idea of a creator being responsible for it.

Your ability to read my mind is simply astounding.

I don't advocate spiritual ignorance. I fully support people to seek out and learn about religion(s) if they think it is for them. This idea, that if one believes in evolutionary theory one must be an athiest is a viewpoint you really should jettison.

Science can look at the supernatural, but what it does is offer a natural explanation vs. a supernatural explanation, then one invokes the principle of parsimony/Ockham's razor and gets rid of the nonsense (i.e., angles pushing rocks to the ground, Thor tossing lightening bolts, etc.).

Or more simply, once you have a natural explanation, the supernatural explanation is no longer needed and it is usually unverifiable and hence goes the way of the dustbin.

So, how scientific is to to discount something as impossible, simply because science can't explain it? Seems a little arrogant to me.

Jesus guys get a life. Hindus believe we are all bound on the wheel of life and will be reincarnated. Does this have huge implications for theoretical physics?

I don't know enough about Hindus and their beliefs to answer. But with regards to some Christian teachings, yes there are implications. Young earth creationism doesn't fit with a constant speed of light.

According to the recent book by Shnayerson, M.; M.J. Plotkin entitled The Killers Within - The Deadly Rise of Drug-Resistant Bacteria, Little, Brown and Company, N.Y. ISBN:0-316-71331-7, 2002 about 40,000 North Americans die each year because of antibiotic-resistant infections –– that amounts to about 110 per day. Some experts state that we are on the road to an impending public health crisis where the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant superbug infections threaten many medical procedures, unless new or alternatives to antibiotics become available. Yet phage therapy products are commercially available and used to successfully treat such infections in Georgia (Eastern Europe), Poland and Russia. For a recent, concise overview on phage therapy entitled, “Stalin’s Forgotten Cure (Science, vol 298, October 25, 2002, pp 728-731 go to
http://www.phage-biotech.com/images/Science-phagetherapy.pdf .

Some North Americans have opted to travel to Georgia for phage therapy treatment:

1. Alfred Gertler a Canadian, travelled to Tbilisi, Georgia to get phage medicine treatment for a foot infection not responding to antibiotics
( http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/09/19/48hours/main522596.shtml ).

2. Fred Bledsoe is a US citizen from Fort Wayne, Indiana and after stepping on a nail, his wound became infected. After 10 weeks of unsuccessful treatment in hospital he too travelled to Tbilisi, Georgia for successful phage therapy treatment
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/134619088_phage21.html .

In Canada it should be possible for medical practitioners to get permission to import phage therapy products under the special access program provided for under the Food and Drugs Act and described as follows: “The Special Access Programme (SAP) provides access to nonmarketed drugs for practitioners treating patients with serious or life-threatening conditions when conventional therapies have failed, are unsuitable, or unavailable. The SAP authorizes a manufacturer to sell a drug that cannot otherwise be sold or distributed in Canada. Drugs considered for release by the SAP include pharmaceutical, biologic, and radio-pharmaceutical products not approved for sale in Canada.”
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb-dgps/therapeut/htmleng/sap.html

If one clicks http://www.phagetherapy.com the following statement welcomes visitors - “One of the most exiting developments in combating disease is Phage Therapy. Join us in the exploration of this fast breaking field.” From cures of antibiotic-resistant infections, to 95% reductions of Salmonella strains in poultry, to a potential cure for Vibrio vulnificus infection from eating raw oysters, to a treatment for anthrax ( see - http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020822070131.htm for an example of phage enzyme therapy )
, and the eradication of E. coli O157:H7, phage therapy seems to provide an answer.

Bactericidal, heat-labile, lytic principles in rivers in India were discovered in the 1890's and it was subsequently confirmed that many rivers with fecal pollution contained similar bactericidal agents. Tanner, in his classic text book, Food Microbiology (1944), examines this phenomenon in some detail; however, it was d’Herelle in 1917 who demonstrated that the bacteria-lytic activity was due to viruses which were parasitic for specific for bacteria - he named them bacteriophages or phages - “bacteria eaters.” Phages, like all viruses, are complex chemical entities consisting of a nucleic acid core covered by a protein coat and they may have contractile tail structures; however, they have no independent means of reproduction. However, the presence of the right strain of bacteria presents the opportunity for phages to fulfil their life cycle and raison d'être and excite the reproductive machinery of the phages into action. In stealth, moon lander fashion phage soon attaches to a suitable host bacterium, injects it’s DNA which commandeers the reproductive system of the host bacterium and in a short time (30 minutes) the bacterial cell bursts open releasing more than 200 copies of phage, each looking for a new host to conquer -- considering that bacteria multiply by dividing in two, while phage produces about 200 offspring for every bacterium killed, clearly with those odds even superbugs are superbugs no more and look more like victims -- all this is simply to say, that what a cat is to a mouse, the right phage is to a superbug.

Until 1940 Phage Therapy was widely practised and researched, often with contradictory results, mainly because the biology of bacteriophages was poorly understood. With the introduction of antibiotics phage therapy was essentially abandoned in the West until the 1980's when antibiotic-resistant, superbug infections caused some Western scientists to reexamine the potential of phage to cure human and animal infections, as well as their potential for reducing or eliminating contamination from foods, ranging from vegetables to meats.

Meanwhile, d’Herelle helped establish the Elivia Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology, and Virology in Tbilisi, Georgia which opened in 1923. This institute became the main supplier of a broad range of phage therapy products throughout the former Soviet Union.

In 1997 Dr. Elizabeth Kutter from Evergreen State College, in Olympia, Washington examined the state of phage therapy mainly in the former Soviet Union/Georgia in her comprehensive review entitled , Phage Therapy: Bacteriophages as Antibiotics -
( http://www.evergreen.edu/phage ).

At present, in addition to established organizations in Georgia, Russia and Poland which are reportedly marketing therapeutic and prophylactic phage products against bacteria including Staphylococci, Streptococci, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Campylobacter, Yersinia and Brucella, there are about twenty companies world-wide racing to bring phage therapy products for a range of medical, animal husbandry, food processing and environmental applications to market. Some examples are: USA (Intralytix, Inc - http://www.intralytix.com ), Canada, India (GangaGen - http://www.gangagen.com ), Germany - ( http://www.bacteriophage.net ), and Israel (Phage Biotech Ltd - http://www.phage-biotech.com ) It is anticipated that the first phage-based product(s) will receive FDA approval in 2003; an “experimental use permit” from EPA has been granted for use of phage in the environment on non-food contact surfaces. This presentation is designed to provide an appreciation of the history of phage therapy, explore it’s potential to treat antibiotic-resistant superbug infections and provide an overview of industrial and academic research, as well as an overview of the regulatory situation.

While noone should suggest that phage will ever replace antibiotics for treating bacterial infections, they do represent a (final) lifeline for individuals with infections where antibiotic therapy fails and letting citizens die in the name of hubris, russophobia and NIH (not invented here) is surely not good public health policy.

Quoting Dr. E. Kutter:

“While it seems premature to generally introduce injectible phage preparations in the West without further extensive research, their carefully-implemented use for a variety of agricultural purposes and in external applications could potentially help reduce the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Furthermore, compassionate use of appropriate phages seems warranted in cases where bacteria resistant against all available antibiotics are causing life-threatening illness. They are especially useful in dealing with recalcitrant nosocomial infections, where large numbers of particularly vulnerable people are being exposed to the same strains of bacteria in a closed hospital setting. In this case, the environment as well as the patients can be effectively treated.”