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	<title>Comments on: Evolution and Religion</title>
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		<title>By: floyd</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62603</link>
		<dc:creator>floyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 2005 14:39:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62603</guid>
		<description>ford,built my car, they don&#039;t steer it. now it is clear that i understand evolution better than you understand creation .you may know what&quot;other creationists&quot; do but i am not a creationist, i&#039;m a christian . as i pointed out earlier creation is more than the sum of it&#039;s parts.you are most likely correct in much of what you say about the design of nature . even if you completely understand the &quot;clockwork &quot; it is clear you haven&#039;t seen it&#039;s face, nor do you know how to tell time. never read a book without knowing something about the author.computers can hold facts, the mind can hold knowledge, but wisdom comes from God. fact is objective truth,knowledge is awareness of truth ,wisdom is understanding truth. you can not take nourishment with with a rapier so pick up the spork or you be too weak to do any real harm with your rapier . and don&#039;t forget i have the sword of the spirit. eph.6:11-18   PS. you are a lot of fun, keep an open mind and desire for truth</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ford,built my car, they don't steer it. now it is clear that i understand evolution better than you understand creation .you may know what"other creationists" do but i am not a creationist, i'm a christian . as i pointed out earlier creation is more than the sum of it's parts.you are most likely correct in much of what you say about the design of nature . even if you completely understand the "clockwork " it is clear you haven't seen it's face, nor do you know how to tell time. never read a book without knowing something about the author.computers can hold facts, the mind can hold knowledge, but wisdom comes from God. fact is objective truth,knowledge is awareness of truth ,wisdom is understanding truth. you can not take nourishment with with a rapier so pick up the spork or you be too weak to do any real harm with your rapier . and don't forget i have the sword of the spirit. eph.6:11-18   PS. you are a lot of fun, keep an open mind and desire for truth</p>
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		<title>By: Steve Verdon</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62578</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve Verdon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 2005 05:37:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62578</guid>
		<description>Thanks for playing Floyd, but since you can&#039;t describe the step-by-step process for a tornado clearly God creates them and hence the 747 is not only unsurprising, but a certainty...provided God wills it.

Now I&#039;m sure you are aware I&#039;m joking around, but if you stop and think about what I&#039;m writing you&#039;ll see that you can&#039;t win against my position.  If a 747 doesn&#039;t form, I&#039;ve given myself a nice out:  God didn&#039;t will it.

If one does form I win also.  God willed it.  No matter what, I win and you lose.

Same thing with ID or any other &quot;theory&quot; that postulates and relies on a supernatural entity to do all the heavy lifting.  The supernatural entity explains everything and hence nothing.  Real science makes predictions that can be shown to be wrong--i.e., falsified or at least called into doubt.

Evolutionary theory works this way.  I highly recommend you read some of the stuff about Margulis&#039; work.  You don&#039;t have to delve into the nitty gritty advanced stuff, just some of the stuff written for laypeople such as you and me.  Evolutionary theory will adopt non-neodarwinian processes that are based on natural processes and have the data to support them.

All the rest of this is just verbal fencing.  The problem is you have a spork and I have a rapier.  For example, the problem with the tornado example is that it misrepresents the underlying evolutionary processes proposed by neodarwinian theory.  Those processes are gradual and take a very long time.  Hence the tornado-747 analogy is so faulty it isn&#039;t even funny.

Basically the tornado-747 analogy wants the entire object to spring into being fully formed in one fell swoop.  If this actually happened in biological terms (i.e., a new species arising suddenly and fully formed from no ancestor) then &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;that would be evidence for creationism, not evolutionary theory&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.  

Creationists use variants of this analogy.  For example, Dembski&#039;s paper on Searching Large Spaces posits &quot;one true protein&quot; that has to be found by a &quot;darwinian&quot; process.  The problem is as follows:

Evolutionary processes don&#039;t care about any given protein.  It doesn&#039;t search for a target.

Behe and Snoke used it in their paper as well.  Sure, the probability for many biological structures is extremely small.  But since evolutionary processes aren&#039;t trying to find those specific &quot;targets&quot; these &quot;small probabilities&quot; really don&#039;t mean much.  Think of it this way.

I flip a coin 1000 times.  I get a random sequence of heads and tails.  The probability of obtaining that sequence is 2^-1000.  That is a very small number.  What you and other creationists do, Floyd, is to insist that the initial sequence is the only valid sequence.  Hence since nobody is likely to get that sequence we must invoke the supernatural or interference by an &quot;intelligent agency&quot;.  But evolutionary theory doesn&#039;t care what the sequence is.  If we could go back 500 million years ago and start it all over in a huge do-over we probably wouldn&#039;t get mankind, but we&#039;d likely get something....or even maybe nothing.  That is what evolutionary theory posits.  Hence your tornado-747 stories are not even relevant.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for playing Floyd, but since you can't describe the step-by-step process for a tornado clearly God creates them and hence the 747 is not only unsurprising, but a certainty...provided God wills it.</p>
<p>Now I'm sure you are aware I'm joking around, but if you stop and think about what I'm writing you'll see that you can't win against my position.  If a 747 doesn't form, I've given myself a nice out:  God didn't will it.</p>
<p>If one does form I win also.  God willed it.  No matter what, I win and you lose.</p>
<p>Same thing with ID or any other "theory" that postulates and relies on a supernatural entity to do all the heavy lifting.  The supernatural entity explains everything and hence nothing.  Real science makes predictions that can be shown to be wrong--i.e., falsified or at least called into doubt.</p>
<p>Evolutionary theory works this way.  I highly recommend you read some of the stuff about Margulis' work.  You don't have to delve into the nitty gritty advanced stuff, just some of the stuff written for laypeople such as you and me.  Evolutionary theory will adopt non-neodarwinian processes that are based on natural processes and have the data to support them.</p>
<p>All the rest of this is just verbal fencing.  The problem is you have a spork and I have a rapier.  For example, the problem with the tornado example is that it misrepresents the underlying evolutionary processes proposed by neodarwinian theory.  Those processes are gradual and take a very long time.  Hence the tornado-747 analogy is so faulty it isn't even funny.</p>
<p>Basically the tornado-747 analogy wants the entire object to spring into being fully formed in one fell swoop.  If this actually happened in biological terms (i.e., a new species arising suddenly and fully formed from no ancestor) then <em><strong>that would be evidence for creationism, not evolutionary theory</strong></em>.  </p>
<p>Creationists use variants of this analogy.  For example, Dembski's paper on Searching Large Spaces posits "one true protein" that has to be found by a "darwinian" process.  The problem is as follows:</p>
<p>Evolutionary processes don't care about any given protein.  It doesn't search for a target.</p>
<p>Behe and Snoke used it in their paper as well.  Sure, the probability for many biological structures is extremely small.  But since evolutionary processes aren't trying to find those specific "targets" these "small probabilities" really don't mean much.  Think of it this way.</p>
<p>I flip a coin 1000 times.  I get a random sequence of heads and tails.  The probability of obtaining that sequence is 2^-1000.  That is a very small number.  What you and other creationists do, Floyd, is to insist that the initial sequence is the only valid sequence.  Hence since nobody is likely to get that sequence we must invoke the supernatural or interference by an "intelligent agency".  But evolutionary theory doesn't care what the sequence is.  If we could go back 500 million years ago and start it all over in a huge do-over we probably wouldn't get mankind, but we'd likely get something....or even maybe nothing.  That is what evolutionary theory posits.  Hence your tornado-747 stories are not even relevant.</p>
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		<title>By: floyd</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62543</link>
		<dc:creator>floyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 2005 00:17:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62543</guid>
		<description>foudational should read,foundational,excuse me</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>foudational should read,foundational,excuse me</p>
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		<title>By: floyd</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62542</link>
		<dc:creator>floyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 2005 00:10:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62542</guid>
		<description>foudational should read foundational, excuse me</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>foudational should read foundational, excuse me</p>
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		<title>By: floyd</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62539</link>
		<dc:creator>floyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 2005 00:01:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62539</guid>
		<description>hmmm... nope,it&#039;s physics, if you&#039;re in doubt . It is just that you dismiss the creator and worship creation . where is your open mind or is the mind just a figment of.....??Brain function is an interesting subject but it is not the whole story.Being human , you are a spirit[in the image of God]. you have a soul [mind,will&amp; emotions]. and you live in a body [brain,blood &amp; tissue].Why dismiss more than half the truth without even exploring the foudational works on the subject?Where is your curiousity. is it fear or arrogance?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>hmmm... nope,it's physics, if you're in doubt . It is just that you dismiss the creator and worship creation . where is your open mind or is the mind just a figment of.....??Brain function is an interesting subject but it is not the whole story.Being human , you are a spirit[in the image of God]. you have a soul [mind,will&amp; emotions]. and you live in a body [brain,blood &amp; tissue].Why dismiss more than half the truth without even exploring the foudational works on the subject?Where is your curiousity. is it fear or arrogance?</p>
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		<title>By: Steve Verdon</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62473</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve Verdon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2005 16:16:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62473</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;steve; tornados are guided as well by the laws of physics , are they not?&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Well are you sure?  Maybe it is God.  Describe a step-by-step description of how tornados form.  Oh and any single gap will be proof that God forms tornados.

So based on this divine intervention in regards to tornados...would it be all that shocking that a tornado in a junkyard produces a 747?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>steve; tornados are guided as well by the laws of physics , are they not?</p></blockquote>
<p>Well are you sure?  Maybe it is God.  Describe a step-by-step description of how tornados form.  Oh and any single gap will be proof that God forms tornados.</p>
<p>So based on this divine intervention in regards to tornados...would it be all that shocking that a tornado in a junkyard produces a 747?</p>
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		<title>By: Steve Verdon</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62471</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve Verdon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2005 16:14:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62471</guid>
		<description>Davescot,

I hate to throw some cold water on your persecution complex, but you haven&#039;t been banned AFAIK.

As for the rest of your post, it is just what I&#039;d expect from one of Dembski&#039;s lickspittles.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Davescot,</p>
<p>I hate to throw some cold water on your persecution complex, but you haven't been banned AFAIK.</p>
<p>As for the rest of your post, it is just what I'd expect from one of Dembski's lickspittles.</p>
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		<title>By: DaveScot</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62395</link>
		<dc:creator>DaveScot</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2005 01:22:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62395</guid>
		<description>&quot;Coming from you DaveScot and what Iâve seen of your posting at Dembskiâs blog this is a compliment.&quot;

Well then.  Let me pay you an even higher compliment.  You&#039;re a real dumbass!

LOL

Postscript:

Ah, I see I&#039;ve been banned.  I&#039;ll add this site to all the others that banned me.  Thanks.  It&#039;s an honor.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>"Coming from you DaveScot and what Iâve seen of your posting at Dembskiâs blog this is a compliment."</p>
<p>Well then.  Let me pay you an even higher compliment.  You're a real dumbass!</p>
<p>LOL</p>
<p>Postscript:</p>
<p>Ah, I see I've been banned.  I'll add this site to all the others that banned me.  Thanks.  It's an honor.</p>
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		<title>By: floyd</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62388</link>
		<dc:creator>floyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2005 00:32:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62388</guid>
		<description>steve; tornados are guided as well by the laws of physics , are they not?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>steve; tornados are guided as well by the laws of physics , are they not?</p>
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		<title>By: Deinonychus antirrhopus</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62273</link>
		<dc:creator>Deinonychus antirrhopus</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2005 13:45:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62273</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Simpson&#039;s Paradox&lt;/strong&gt;

One of the things I mentioned to commenters in this post is that sometimes probability theory (and also statistics) can lead to counter-intuitive results. One example is Simpson&#039;s Paradox. Simpson&#039;s Paradox is when the reversal of direction of a comp...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Simpson's Paradox</strong></p>
<p>One of the things I mentioned to commenters in this post is that sometimes probability theory (and also statistics) can lead to counter-intuitive results. One example is Simpson's Paradox. Simpson's Paradox is when the reversal of direction of a comp...</p>
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		<title>By: Steve Verdon</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62258</link>
		<dc:creator>Steve Verdon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2005 13:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62258</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;You need a better science background, Steve. Iâd change the subject if I were you.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Coming from you DaveScot and what I&#039;ve seen of your posting at Dembski&#039;s blog this is a compliment.

Floyd,

The tornado example is wrong because it does not accurately represent the probabilities in evolutionary theory.  I know you weren&#039;t meaning it literally, but using that chestnut to say, &quot;Hey, these things are amazing unlikely...so unlikely nobody with an open mind would believe it.&quot;  But as I&#039;ve said and so has Boris, the claims of extremely low probability are false and based on a mischaracterization of the relevant probabilities and processes.

RJN,

&lt;blockquote&gt;Otherwise, nice post. I will add that one of the legs of the ID stool is the great improbability of the way our physics, and our solar system are set up for life. And chemistry: The exquisite capabilities, and complexities; the just so strong force, and the just so weak force, and the shells of electrons. These are so suspicious, to someone like me; it is all so incredibly improbable. And, the math says so too.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Actually, the math says exactly the opposite when looked at from a probabilistic stand point.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.talkreason.org/articles/super.cfm#main&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Jefferys and Ikeda&lt;/a&gt; have a very nice and simple proof that learning that the universe is &quot;fine tuned&quot; as you note should actually &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;increase&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; our probability that the universe is guided by natural laws, or at best have no impact.

I know it sounds counter-intuitive, but that is sometimes the case with probability theory.  To this day people still don&#039;t believe the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cut-the-knot.org/hall.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Monty Hall problem&lt;/a&gt;, and lets not get started on Simpson&#039;s Paradox.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>You need a better science background, Steve. Iâd change the subject if I were you.</p></blockquote>
<p>Coming from you DaveScot and what I've seen of your posting at Dembski's blog this is a compliment.</p>
<p>Floyd,</p>
<p>The tornado example is wrong because it does not accurately represent the probabilities in evolutionary theory.  I know you weren't meaning it literally, but using that chestnut to say, "Hey, these things are amazing unlikely...so unlikely nobody with an open mind would believe it."  But as I've said and so has Boris, the claims of extremely low probability are false and based on a mischaracterization of the relevant probabilities and processes.</p>
<p>RJN,</p>
<blockquote><p>Otherwise, nice post. I will add that one of the legs of the ID stool is the great improbability of the way our physics, and our solar system are set up for life. And chemistry: The exquisite capabilities, and complexities; the just so strong force, and the just so weak force, and the shells of electrons. These are so suspicious, to someone like me; it is all so incredibly improbable. And, the math says so too.</p></blockquote>
<p>Actually, the math says exactly the opposite when looked at from a probabilistic stand point.  <a href="http://www.talkreason.org/articles/super.cfm#main" rel="nofollow">Jefferys and Ikeda</a> have a very nice and simple proof that learning that the universe is "fine tuned" as you note should actually <strong><em>increase</em></strong> our probability that the universe is guided by natural laws, or at best have no impact.</p>
<p>I know it sounds counter-intuitive, but that is sometimes the case with probability theory.  To this day people still don't believe the <a href="http://www.cut-the-knot.org/hall.shtml" rel="nofollow">Monty Hall problem</a>, and lets not get started on Simpson's Paradox.</p>
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		<title>By: RJN</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62223</link>
		<dc:creator>RJN</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2005 05:38:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62223</guid>
		<description>Boris: I was referring to the faith that Stephen Jay Gould had in evolution when he postulated &quot;punctuated equilibrium&quot; as a fix for the lack of transitional step by step changes in the fossil record.

Otherwise, nice post. I will add that one of the legs of the ID stool is the great improbability of the way our physics, and our solar system are set up for life. And chemistry: The exquisite capabilities, and complexities; the just so strong force, and the just so weak force, and the shells of electrons. These are so suspicious, to someone like me; it is all so incredibly improbable. And, the math says so too.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Boris: I was referring to the faith that Stephen Jay Gould had in evolution when he postulated "punctuated equilibrium" as a fix for the lack of transitional step by step changes in the fossil record.</p>
<p>Otherwise, nice post. I will add that one of the legs of the ID stool is the great improbability of the way our physics, and our solar system are set up for life. And chemistry: The exquisite capabilities, and complexities; the just so strong force, and the just so weak force, and the shells of electrons. These are so suspicious, to someone like me; it is all so incredibly improbable. And, the math says so too.</p>
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		<title>By: Boris</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62219</link>
		<dc:creator>Boris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2005 04:15:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62219</guid>
		<description>Not &quot;who&quot; guides it, but &quot;what&quot;.  The laws of physics guide evolution.  Of course, laws of physics need some initial conditions to be set up before they could apply.  Thus, both the current genome (with the resulting phenotype) and the configuration of the environment (including other species, prey, predators, disease, parasites, etc.) at the given moment in time, guide evolution.  In other words, the process of evolution of a particular species can never be isolated from its context and still make sense.

By the way, regarding the objection that no new species, cell types, organs, etc. have been observed to emerge in the wild: I&#039;d like to know, how it is that anyone can be so certain?  Even today, there are many species in the world (especially of insects) that have yet to be discovered.  If a new species of field mice evolves somewhere, when it is discovered it would simply be classified as a new species; nobody would know that it only became a separate species 20 years ago...

As for the question of why hasn&#039;t there been evolution in the lab, I&#039;d think the answer is obvious.  What utility would there be in spending years of effort and who knows what amounts of resources on an experiment that offers no practical value?  Macroevolution is simply not controversial enough among the experts to warrant such a mammoth undertaking.  Mutations, on the other hand, are routinely isolated in laboratories and bred into useful subpopulations -- mostly for human disease modelling.  These days, we have everything from narcoleptic dogs to super-healing mice -- and that is even without any deliberate genetic engineering.

Consider plant species, too.  Do you think wheat can interbreed with its original wild ancestor?  I don&#039;t think so.  And the same is true of other ancient agricultural staples such as corn, for example.  All of these species were &quot;domesticated&quot; by humans who selected for certain favorable traits over the span of just 10 thousand years or so.  Dogs, another example of domestication, do not interbreed with wolves (at least, not in the wild.)  They may not have radically different organs, but they sure have radically different behavior (and that signifies some major alterations to the most complex organ in existence -- the brain.)

Of course these days, with whole-genome sequencing techniques rapidly advancing, it becomes possible to actually date the speciation events by counting the dissimilar SNP&#039;s (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in the genomes of two related species, which are known to occur at an approximately constant rate over time -- thus providing a handy molecular clock that has been proven to correlate well with fossil evidence.

Incidentally, &lt;a href=&quot;http://evolution.berkeley.edu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;evolution.berkeley.edu&lt;/a&gt; is a good intro site to brush up on the basics as well as dispel any misconceptions.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not "who" guides it, but "what".  The laws of physics guide evolution.  Of course, laws of physics need some initial conditions to be set up before they could apply.  Thus, both the current genome (with the resulting phenotype) and the configuration of the environment (including other species, prey, predators, disease, parasites, etc.) at the given moment in time, guide evolution.  In other words, the process of evolution of a particular species can never be isolated from its context and still make sense.</p>
<p>By the way, regarding the objection that no new species, cell types, organs, etc. have been observed to emerge in the wild: I'd like to know, how it is that anyone can be so certain?  Even today, there are many species in the world (especially of insects) that have yet to be discovered.  If a new species of field mice evolves somewhere, when it is discovered it would simply be classified as a new species; nobody would know that it only became a separate species 20 years ago...</p>
<p>As for the question of why hasn't there been evolution in the lab, I'd think the answer is obvious.  What utility would there be in spending years of effort and who knows what amounts of resources on an experiment that offers no practical value?  Macroevolution is simply not controversial enough among the experts to warrant such a mammoth undertaking.  Mutations, on the other hand, are routinely isolated in laboratories and bred into useful subpopulations -- mostly for human disease modelling.  These days, we have everything from narcoleptic dogs to super-healing mice -- and that is even without any deliberate genetic engineering.</p>
<p>Consider plant species, too.  Do you think wheat can interbreed with its original wild ancestor?  I don't think so.  And the same is true of other ancient agricultural staples such as corn, for example.  All of these species were "domesticated" by humans who selected for certain favorable traits over the span of just 10 thousand years or so.  Dogs, another example of domestication, do not interbreed with wolves (at least, not in the wild.)  They may not have radically different organs, but they sure have radically different behavior (and that signifies some major alterations to the most complex organ in existence -- the brain.)</p>
<p>Of course these days, with whole-genome sequencing techniques rapidly advancing, it becomes possible to actually date the speciation events by counting the dissimilar SNP's (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in the genomes of two related species, which are known to occur at an approximately constant rate over time -- thus providing a handy molecular clock that has been proven to correlate well with fossil evidence.</p>
<p>Incidentally, <a href="http://evolution.berkeley.edu/" rel="nofollow">evolution.berkeley.edu</a> is a good intro site to brush up on the basics as well as dispel any misconceptions.</p>
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		<title>By: floyd</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62217</link>
		<dc:creator>floyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2005 03:50:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62217</guid>
		<description>steve; if evolution is not unguided ; who&#039;s guiding it?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>steve; if evolution is not unguided ; who's guiding it?</p>
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		<title>By: floyd</title>
		<link>http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/evolution_and_religion/comment-page-1/#comment-62215</link>
		<dc:creator>floyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2005 03:43:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/?p=12444#comment-62215</guid>
		<description>steve ; surely when you say &quot;our intelligence&quot; you mean &quot;your intelligence&quot; which you strain so hard to demonstrate to those of us less evolved. the tornado reference was intended to show gullibility , not similitude.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>steve ; surely when you say "our intelligence" you mean "your intelligence" which you strain so hard to demonstrate to those of us less evolved. the tornado reference was intended to show gullibility , not similitude.</p>
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